Takeover performance evaluation using driving simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction In a context of increasing automation road transport, many researchers have been dedicated to analyse the risks and safety implications resuming manual control vehicle after period automated driving. This paper performs systematic review about drivers’ performance during takeover manoeuvres in driving simulator, tool that is widely used evaluation systems reproduce risky situations would not be possible test real roads. Objectives The main objectives are provide framework for strategies, experimental conditions results obtained by research using simulation, as well find whether different approaches may lead outcomes. Methodology First, literature search following PRISMA statement guidelines checklist resulted 36 relevant papers, which were described detail according type scenarios events, engagement secondary tasks assessed measures. Then, those papers included meta-analysis combining PAM clustering ANOVA techniques patterns among determine if influence on observed performance. Conclusions Less complex experiments without task conducted low-fidelity simulators associated with lower times crash rates. time increases budget first alert, reduces pressure driver’s quick intervention.